1. A. LIVING HISTORY Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim (15 April 1858 - November 15, 1917) is known as one of the founder of modern sociology. He founded the first sociology faculty at a university of Europe in 1895, and published one of the first journal devoted to social science, L'Annee Sociologique in 1896. Durkheim is a precocious student. He entered the Ecole Normale Supérieure in 1879. Angkatannya is one of the most brilliant in the 19th century and many of her classmates, such as Jean Jaurès and Henri Bergson later became major figures in French intellectual life. In ENS Durkheim studied under Fustel de Coulanges, an expert on classical science, social scientific outlook. At the same time, he read the works of Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. Thus, Durkheim was interested in the scientific approach to society since the beginning of his career. This is the first conflict from many other conflicts with the French academic system, which has no social science curriculum at the time. Durkheim felt human sciences do not attract. He graduated with the second ranked last in angkatannya when he agregation exams - the requirement for a teaching position in the general teaching - the science of philosophy in 1882.
Durkheim's interest in social phenomena was also driven by politics. France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War had created a backlash against secular, republican rule. Many people think the Catholic approach, and very nationalistic as the only way to revive France's fading power on the continent. Durkheim, a Jew and socialist, was in the political minority, a situation which galvanized him politically. The Dreyfus affair in 1894 only strengthened his activist stance.
A person who holds such as Durkheim is not possible to obtain the necessary academic appointment in Paris, and so after a year studying sociology in Germany, he went to Bordeaux in 1887, which had just opened the first teacher's training center in France. There he taught pedagogy and social sciences (a new position in France). From this position Durkheim reformed the French school system and introduced the study of social sciences in its curriculum. Again, his tendency to reduce morality and religion into a mere social fact makes it much criticized.
In the 1890s was a time of creative Durkheim. In 1893 he published the "Division of Labour in Society", dasariahnya statement about the nature of human society and its development. In 1895 he published "Rules of Sociological Method, a manifesto stating what sociology was and how it should be done. He also founded the first European Department of Sociology at the University of Bordeaux. In 1896 he published the journal L'Annee Sociologique to issue and publish the writings of an increasing group of students and colleagues (this is the term used for groups of students who developed his sociological program). And finally, in 1897, he published Suicide, a case study that gives examples of how the sociological monograph.
In 1902 Durkheim finally achieved the goal to obtain a respectable position in Paris when he became a professor at the Sorbonne. Because French universities are technically institutions to train teachers for secondary schools, this position provides Durkheim considerable influence - his lectures shall be taken by all students. Whatever people's opinions, in the aftermath of The Dreyfus affair, to get a political appointment, Durkheim strengthen its institutional power in 1912 when he was granted permanent seats and changed his name to the chair of education and sociology. In the same year he published his last major work "Elementary Forms of Religious Life."
Durkheim's interest in social phenomena was also driven by politics. France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War had created a backlash against secular, republican rule. Many people think the Catholic approach, and very nationalistic as the only way to revive France's fading power on the continent. Durkheim, a Jew and socialist, was in the political minority, a situation which galvanized him politically. The Dreyfus affair in 1894 only strengthened his activist stance.
A person who holds such as Durkheim is not possible to obtain the necessary academic appointment in Paris, and so after a year studying sociology in Germany, he went to Bordeaux in 1887, which had just opened the first teacher's training center in France. There he taught pedagogy and social sciences (a new position in France). From this position Durkheim reformed the French school system and introduced the study of social sciences in its curriculum. Again, his tendency to reduce morality and religion into a mere social fact makes it much criticized.
In the 1890s was a time of creative Durkheim. In 1893 he published the "Division of Labour in Society", dasariahnya statement about the nature of human society and its development. In 1895 he published "Rules of Sociological Method, a manifesto stating what sociology was and how it should be done. He also founded the first European Department of Sociology at the University of Bordeaux. In 1896 he published the journal L'Annee Sociologique to issue and publish the writings of an increasing group of students and colleagues (this is the term used for groups of students who developed his sociological program). And finally, in 1897, he published Suicide, a case study that gives examples of how the sociological monograph.
In 1902 Durkheim finally achieved the goal to obtain a respectable position in Paris when he became a professor at the Sorbonne. Because French universities are technically institutions to train teachers for secondary schools, this position provides Durkheim considerable influence - his lectures shall be taken by all students. Whatever people's opinions, in the aftermath of The Dreyfus affair, to get a political appointment, Durkheim strengthen its institutional power in 1912 when he was granted permanent seats and changed his name to the chair of education and sociology. In the same year he published his last major work "Elementary Forms of Religious Life."
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